Dear Readers,
Mahendras has started special quizzes for IBPS & SBI Exam so that you can practice more and more to crack the examination. This IBPS & SBI Exam special quiz series will mold your preparations in the right direction and the regular practice of these quizzes will be really very helpful in scoring good marks in the Examination. Here we are providing you the important question of reasoning ability for the IBPS & SBI Exam.
Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words have been given in bold to help you locate them while answering some questions.
Never underestimate the power of visualisation. It may sound like a self-help mantra, but a growing body of evidence shows that mental imagery can accelerate learning and improve performance of all sorts of skills. For athletes and musicians, “going through the motions,” or mentally rehearsing the movements in the mind, is just as effective as physical training, and motor imagery can also help stroke patients regain function of their paralysed limbs.
For most of us, visual imagery is essential for memory, daydreaming and imagination. But some people apparently lack a mind’s eye altogether, and find it impossible to conjure up such visual images – and their inability to do so may affect their ability to learn and their educational performance.
Creator of a well-known web browser recently described how it feels to be blind in your mind, and his surprise at the revelation that other people can visualise things. “I can’t ‘see’ my father’s face or a bouncing blue ball, my childhood bedroom or the run I went on ten minutes ago,” he wrote on Facebook. “I thought ‘counting sheep’ was a metaphor. I’m 30 years old and I never knew a human could do any of this. And it is blowing my goddamned mind.”
We’ve known that some people cannot visualise things in their mind’s eye since the 1880s, when a controversial psychologist– one of the pioneers of eugenics – published a paper called Statistics of Mental Imagery. He set out to “define the different degrees of vividness with which different persons have the faculty of recalling familiar scenes under the form of mental pictures”.
He asked his scientific colleagues to think of their breakfast table and describe to him the vividness of their impressions, and found this ability varied markedly – some individuals could draw up a mental image just as brilliant as the scene itself, whereas others could only conjure up an extremely dim image, or none at all.
Today, neurologists refer to this inability to form mental images as “congenital aphantasia” – from the Greek words a, meaning “without”, and phantasia, meaning “a capacity to form mental images” – and they believe it affects approximately 2% of the population, or one in 50 people. Remarkably, though, aphantasics do experience visual imagery in their dreams, so it seems that only voluntary visualisation is affected.
Dual-coding theory has its limitations, the main one being the assumption that thought processes are based on nothing but words and images. Nevertheless, numerous studies published since the early 1970s confirm that mental imagery does indeed play an important role in how school children acquire literacy skills.
Although aphantasia was first recognised more than one hundred years ago, there has been very little systematic research on the phenomenon, and so we still know very little about it. “We know that children with aphantasia tend not to enjoy descriptive texts, and this may well influence their reading comprehension,” says a neurologist who, together with his colleagues, gave the condition its name last year. “But there isn’t any evidence directly linking it to learning disabilities yet.”
He adds that people with aphantasia may be able to form visual images, but just don’t have conscious access to them. “The story really is still at the early stages, so the implications for education haven’t been explored,” he says. Researchers use questionnaires to determine the vividness of mental images, and people’s scores on these tests are closely correlated to measures of activity in visual brain regions.
Thus, it may be possible to objectively measure individual differences or variations in the vividness of people’s mental images, and to identify students who have aphantasia. If it becomes clear that the condition does in fact impinge on children’s ability to learn, it may then be possible to devise alternative learning strategies for them.
1 What is the frequency of people who suffer from congenital aphantasia according to the passage?
(A) 2%
(B) 25%
(C) One out of fifty
(D) One in 5000
01. Only A
02. Only C
03. Both A and C
04. Both B and D
05. Only D
2 What is/are the limitations of the dual- coding theory as given in the passage?
01. Assumption that thought processes are based on nothing but words and images.
02. Mental imagery does indeed play an important role in how school children acquire literacy skills.
03. Aphantasics do experience visual imagery in their dreams.
04. Involuntary visualization is affected by aphantasia
05. All of the above
3 Which of the following options define “congenital aphantasia” the best?
01. Involuntary visualization ability
02. Visionary skills of the brain
03. Inability to form mental images
04. Ability to predict future
05. All of the above
4 What did the scientist find when he asked his colleagues to imagine their breakfast table?
A. All of them could imagine the breakfast table
B. Some could imagine the table exactly as the scene itself
C. Some could create an extremely dim image of the table
D. And some couldn’t imagine anything at all
01. Only A
02. Only B
03. Only C
04. All except D
05. All except A
5 How is visual imagery essential for human beings according to the passage?
01. Visual imagery is not as effective as physical training for musicians and athletes.
02. Visual imagery is essential for memory, daydreaming and imagination
03. It can also help stroke patients regain function of their paralysed limbs.
04. Both 2 and 3
05. All of the above
6 Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE in context of the paragraph?
01. There has been very little systematic research on the phenomenon of Aphantasia.
02. mental imagery can accelerate learning and improve performance of all sorts of skills
03. children those who have aphantasia tend to enjoy descriptive texts a lot.
04. Researchers use questionnaires to determine the vividness of mental images
05. All of the above.
7 Which of the following is the most similar to the word ‘conjure ’as given in the passage?
01. Besmirch
02. Answer
03. Command
04. Summon
05. Implore
8 Which of the following is the most similar to the word ‘faculty’ as given in the passage?
01. Clumsiness
02. Ineptness
03. Need
04. Dexterity
05. Competence
9 Which of the following is the most Opposite to the word ‘voluntary’ as given in the passage?
01. Advised
02. Obligatory
03. Electoral
04. Denizen
05. Autonomous
10 Which of the following is the most Opposite to the word ‘impinge’ as given in the passage?
01. Dodge
02. Impress
03. Connect
04. Resemble
05. Contrast
Answers:-
Q.1 (3)
Q.2 (1)
Q.3 (3)
Q.4 (5)
Q.5 (4)
Q.6 (3)
Q.7 (4)
Q.8 (5)
Q.9 (2)
Q.10 (1)
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