Direction (1-5): In each of the following questions a short passage is given with one of the lines in the passage missing and represented by a blank. Select the best out of the five answer choices given, to make the passage complete and coherent.
1. The main reason that cancer has been such a hard problem to tackle is a lack of basic understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive it. The first medicines to tackle cancer, chemotherapies, came about during the second world war when it was discovered that people exposed to nitrogen mustard, a chemical similar to mustard gas, had significantly reduced white-blood-cell counts. (………………………………………………………………………………………………). Thus began an era of testing different chemical compounds to see if they would kill tumours.
A) Thanks to a much deeper understanding of cell biology and genetics, there exist today a growing number of targeted therapies that have been designed at a molecular level to recognise particular features specific of cancer cells.
B) Cancer is seen today less as a disease of specific organs, and more as one of molecular mechanisms caused by the mutation of specific genes.
C) Researchers investigated whether these compounds could be used to halt the growth of rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells.
D) There is a great deal of promise from another new therapy, called immunotherapy, which harnesses the body’s own immune system to fight cancer.
E) The next five to ten years the era of personalised medicine could see enormous progress in making cancer survivable.
Answer : Option C
2. CASH is one of mankind’s greatest inventions; a vast improvement, one would imagine, on carting around sheep or bales of hay. (……………………………………………………………………….). It can be used even if the power grid goes down or the banks are all hacked. Yet a growing number of economists are now calling for cash to be phased out.
A) The same virtue that provides the ability to pay for a self-indulgent treat or a naughty service without its appearing on bank records or credit-card statements also allows criminals to fund their activities and tax-dodgers to avoid levies.
B) Moving away from cash would not be without complications.
C) The most intractable are the loss of anonymity and the risk that parts of society will be left out of the financial system, in a world where smartphones and plastic become the only ways to pay.
D) Cash is the main cause of generation of black money in any country and cause of tax evasion.
E) Despite the proliferation of other forms of payment, cash retains qualities that alternative methods cannot match, including anonymity, instant clearing, universal acceptance and a relatively tech-free mechanism
Answer : Option E
3. (………………………………………………………………………). A cottage industry is springing up to provide investors with data of a kind that will not show up on everybody else’s terminal: these are means for measuring a company’s performance that do not rely on solely on financial statements or company reports. The providers are themselves a disparate group, pumping out databases ranging from satellite imagery to social-media posts. Though their businesses may look utterly different on the surface, as vendors of data all are competing in the same space.
A) Recent advancements in machine-learning have made it possible for companies to efficiently parse through millions of satellite images a day.
B) An explosion of data, which has revolutionised industries like health care and advertising already—is at last making itself felt in finance.
C) ASK any group of investors what one gadget they cannot live without, and they’ll likely point to their Bloomberg terminals.
D) Alternative data has the potential to level the playing field between investors and corporate insiders.
E) The use of alternative data has been kept mainly in the preserve of the hedge-fund world, but as the pile of information available grows, so too will its adoption.
Answer : Option B
4. (………………………………………………………………………………..). It’s also led to an undercurrent of anxiety among scientists who fear that their labs and their publication records might come under attack from a feisty cadre of freelance critics. The specifics of these skirmishes can seem technical at times, with talk of p-values and sample sizes, but they go straight to the heart of how new knowledge is created and disseminated, and whether some of what we call science really deserves that label.
A) Journals have been error free since time immemorial due to the vast amount of checks done before the actual publishing.
B) The knowledge that we have today started long ago back when the researchers started making their publications public by posting them in public domain.
C) The technicalities mentioned in recent publications are so difficult to understand that people have stopped reading them.
D) The slow-motion credibility crisis in social science has taken the shine off a slew of once-brilliant reputations and thrown years of research into doubt.
E) All of which has put the usually ebullient researcher and his influential lab on the defensive.
Answer : Option D
5. (………………………………………………………………….). The energy needed to produce food, through fuel for tractors and lorries, fertiliser production and more, releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. If the annual emissions from food waste—3.3 billion tonnes—were released by a single country, it would be the third-largest polluter in the world.
A) A lot of energy is required to produce food.
B) Emission of greenhouse gas is a major concern for developing countries.
C) Food wasted by the consumer is largely a problem of the rich world.
D) Food waste contributes to pollution
E) As consumers in rich countries are responsible for much of the waste, they should be enlisted to tackle the problem directly.
Answer : Option D
Directions (6-10): In each of the following questions, a word has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is INCORRECT or INAPPROPRIATE.
6. Virtual
A) Using virtual reality, doctors can experiment with new procedures on simulated patients.
B) The match final was a virtual replay of last year’s contest.
C) The company showed its lack of environmental virtual when it started dumping chemical waste in the lake.
D) Children working in some parts of the developing world are virtual slaves who can never earn enough money to buy their freedom.
E) All correct
Answer : Option C
7. Dominate
A) Different ideals dominate the party in the different states.
B) Some people say Japan is a male-dominate society.
C) Once the burger chain begins to open restaurants in the South, it will dominate the fast food industry in this country.
D) Because Deelip has more wrestling experience, he will probably dominate his rookie competitor during the match.
E) All correct
Answer : Option B
8. Stream
A) If you can stream a live data you can easily fetch a job as it is in demand these days.
B) A small stream runs by my house.
C) There’s been a steady stream of cars on the highway all day.
D) A stream of people came out of the theater.
E) All correct
Answer : Option E
9. Severe
A) A severe shortage of technicians, affected the performance of the company.
B) Anamika returned home early from work with a severe headache.
C) She wore another severe suit, white this time
D) He was injured severe in the road accident
E) All correct
Answer : Option D
10. Prompt
A) She would have died but for the prompt action of two ambulancemen
B) I set off at three-thirty prompt.
C) Because I take pride in being prompt, I always leave early for work.
D) When the cat catches the mouse, it will prompt with it before ending its life.
E) All correct
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MAHENDRA GURU